Update README and remove the script not used
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README.md
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README.md
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# SC235HAI/SC231AI Camera Driver for Raspberry Pi Zero 2W
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# SC235HAI Zero 2W Installation and RTSP Testing Guide
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## 概述
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This guide covers the full workflow for a clean Raspberry Pi Zero 2W system after first boot:
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这是一个用于树莓派 Zero 2W 的 SC235HAI/SC231AI MIPI CSI-2 摄像头传感器的 V4L2 内核驱动。
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1. Install build dependencies.
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2. Download or copy the SC235HAI driver source.
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3. Build and install the kernel module and device-tree overlay.
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4. Configure boot-time autoload.
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5. Start MediaMTX directly and verify RTSP streaming.
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## 硬件规格
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Assumptions:
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- **传感器**: SmartSens SC231AI (兼容 SC235HAI)
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- The board is connected to the network.
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- **芯片 ID**: 0xCB6A
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- You can reach it over SSH, for example `ssh root@<board-ip>`.
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- **分辨率**: 1920x1080
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- Replace `<board-ip>` with the actual IP address of your Zero 2W.
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- **帧率**: 30 fps
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- **接口**: MIPI CSI-2, 2-lane
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- **数据速率**: 371.25 Mbps
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- **输出格式**: RAW10 Bayer BGGR
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- **I2C 地址**: 0x30 (7-bit)
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- **MCLK**: 27MHz
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## 硬件连接
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---
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### 电源
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## 1. Prerequisites
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- AVDD: 2.8V (模拟电源)
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- DOVDD: 1.8V (I/O 电源)
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- DVDD: 1.2V (数字核心电源)
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### 控制信号
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### 1.1 Connect to the board
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- **GPIO 4**: LDO_EN (摄像头主电源使能，必须设置为高电平)
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- **GPIO 40**: cam1_regulator (2.8V 稳压器使能)
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### MIPI CSI-2
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- 连接到树莓派 Zero 2W 的 CSI 摄像头接口 (22-pin FPC)
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- 使用 csi1 控制器
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## 文件说明
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- `sc235hai.c` - V4L2 传感器驱动源码
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- `sc235hai.dts` - 设备树 overlay 源码
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- `Makefile` - 内核模块编译配置
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## 编译安装
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### 在树莓派上编译
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```bash
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```bash
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# 安装内核头文件
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ssh root@<board-ip>
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sudo apt-get install raspberrypi-kernel-headers
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# 编译驱动
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cd sc235hai_driver
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make
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# 编译设备树 overlay
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dtc -@ -I dts -O dtb -o sc235hai.dtbo sc235hai.dts
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# 安装
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sudo cp sc235hai.ko /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/extra/
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sudo cp sc235hai.dtbo /boot/firmware/overlays/
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sudo depmod -a
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```
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```
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### 配置
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If your image does not use `root` directly, log in with the default user first and then switch to the account you use for deployment.
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编辑 `/boot/firmware/config.txt` 添加：
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### 1.2 Update the system and install dependencies
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Run the following on the Zero 2W:
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```bash
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apt update
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apt install -y \
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git \
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build-essential \
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raspberrypi-kernel-headers \
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device-tree-compiler \
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v4l-utils \
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libcamera-apps \
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ffmpeg \
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curl \
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ca-certificates
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```
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Notes:
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- `raspberrypi-kernel-headers` is required to build the kernel module.
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- `device-tree-compiler` is required to build `sc235hai.dtbo`.
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- `v4l-utils`, `libcamera-apps`, and `ffmpeg` are used for verification and testing.
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### 1.3 Copy the driver source to the board
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If the source code is still on your PC, copy it to the board:
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```bash
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scp -r sc235hai_driver root@<board-ip>:/root/
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```
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If the source is already present on the board, skip this step.
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---
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## 2. Build the SC235HAI driver
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Change into the driver directory:
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```bash
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cd /root/sc235hai_driver
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```
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### 2.1 Build the kernel module
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```bash
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make
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```
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This should produce `sc235hai.ko`.
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### 2.2 Build the device-tree overlay
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```bash
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dtc -@ -I dts -O dtb -o sc235hai.dtbo sc235hai.dts
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```
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This should produce `sc235hai.dtbo`.
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### 2.3 Install the built artifacts
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```bash
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cp sc235hai.ko /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/extra/
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cp sc235hai.dtbo /boot/firmware/overlays/
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depmod -a
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```
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Explanation:
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- `sc235hai.ko` is an out-of-tree loadable kernel module, not built directly into the kernel image.
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- `sc235hai.dtbo` is the overlay that adds the sensor node to the system.
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### 2.4 Load the module manually for a quick test
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```bash
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modprobe sc235hai
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```
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Then confirm it loaded:
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```bash
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lsmod | grep -i sc235hai
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dmesg | grep -i sc235
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```
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If `sc235hai` appears in the output, the module itself is working.
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---
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## 3. Enable boot-time autoload
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Edit `/boot/firmware/config.txt`:
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```bash
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nano /boot/firmware/config.txt
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```
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Make sure the following lines are present:
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```ini
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```ini
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# 禁用相机自动检测
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camera_auto_detect=0
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camera_auto_detect=0
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# 使能 I2C VC
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dtparam=i2c_vc=on
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dtparam=i2c_vc=on
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# 配置电源控制 GPIO
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gpio=4=op,dh
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gpio=4=op,dh
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gpio=40=op,dh
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gpio=40=op,dh
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# 加载驱动 overlay
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dtoverlay=sc235hai
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dtoverlay=sc235hai
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```
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```
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## 使用方法
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Meaning of the settings:
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### 检查设备
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- `camera_auto_detect=0` disables Raspberry Pi camera auto-detection so the custom sensor setup is not overridden.
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- `dtparam=i2c_vc=on` enables the camera-side I2C bus.
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- `gpio=4=op,dh` drives GPIO 4 high as an output.
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- `gpio=40=op,dh` drives GPIO 40 high as an output.
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- `dtoverlay=sc235hai` loads the SC235HAI overlay during boot.
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Save the file and reboot:
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```bash
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```bash
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# 查看视频设备
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reboot
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```
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---
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## 4. Verify the driver after reboot
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After the board comes back, reconnect over SSH and run:
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```bash
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lsmod | grep -i sc235hai
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dmesg | grep -i sc235
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media-ctl -p
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ls /dev/video*
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ls /dev/video*
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ls /dev/media*
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# 查看媒体拓扑
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media-ctl -d /dev/media3 -p
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# 查看驱动加载状态
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dmesg | grep sc235
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```
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```
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### 拍照
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What to check:
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1. `lsmod` should show `sc235hai`.
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2. `dmesg` should not show a probe failure.
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3. Video and media device nodes should exist.
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To confirm libcamera sees the sensor:
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```bash
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```bash
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# 捕获单帧 RAW10 图像
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libcamera-hello --list-cameras
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v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 \
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--set-fmt-video=width=1920,height=1080,pixelformat=BG10 \
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--stream-mmap --stream-count=1 \
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--stream-to=photo.raw
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```
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```
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### 录像
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If the camera appears in the output, the system-side detection is working.
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---
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## 5. Start MediaMTX for RTSP streaming
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This workflow does not use the deployment script. It starts `mediamtx` directly.
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### 5.1 Check that MediaMTX files are present
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```bash
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```bash
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# 捕获 60 帧 (2秒@30fps)
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ls -l /root/mediamtx /root/mediamtx.yml
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v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 \
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--set-fmt-video=width=1920,height=1080,pixelformat=BG10 \
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--stream-mmap --stream-count=60 \
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--stream-to=video.raw
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```
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```
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### 转换为 JPG/MP4
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If the files are missing, copy them to `/root/` first.
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### 5.2 Stop any old instance
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```bash
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```bash
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# RAW10 转 JPG
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pkill -f mediamtx 2>/dev/null || true
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ffmpeg -f rawvideo -pix_fmt bayer_bggr16le -s 1920x1080 \
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-i photo.raw -q:v 2 photo.jpg
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# RAW10 转 MP4
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ffmpeg -f rawvideo -pix_fmt bayer_bggr16le -s 1920x1080 -r 30 \
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-i video.raw -c:v libx264 -preset ultrafast -crf 23 video.mp4
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```
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```
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## 已知问题
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### 5.3 Start MediaMTX directly
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1. **图像偏暗**: 当前驱动使用传感器默认曝光/增益设置，图像较暗。需要调整曝光参数或添加 V4L2 控制接口。
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2. **仅支持 RAW 格式**: 传感器直接输出 Bayer RAW10 数据，需要通过 ffmpeg 或 ISP 转换为 RGB/YUV。
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3. **缓冲区警告**: v4l2-ctl 可能显示 "4096 != 4147200" 警告，不影响功能。
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## 技术细节
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### 寄存器初始化
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驱动包含 144 个寄存器的完整初始化序列，来自厂商提供的配置文件：
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- 30fps 配置
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- 2-lane MIPI
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- 371.25 Mbps 数据速率
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### V4L2 子系统集成
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- 使用 `v4l2_async` 框架异步注册
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- 实现 `v4l2_subdev_pad_ops` 进行格式协商
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- 支持 `pm_runtime` 电源管理
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## 作者
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硬件团队
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## 许可
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GPL v2
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## RTSP 网络流服务器
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本驱动集成 libcamera 支持，可通过 MediaMTX 实现 RTSP 网络直播。
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### 快速启动
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```bash
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```bash
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# SSH 连接到 Zero 2W
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setsid /root/mediamtx /root/mediamtx.yml >/var/log/mediamtx.log 2>&1 </dev/null &
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ssh root@<board-ip>
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# 下载并启动 RTSP 服务器
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cd /root
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./deploy-rtsp.sh start
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# 查看日志
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cat /var/log/mediamtx.log
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# 停止服务
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./deploy-rtsp.sh stop
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```
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```
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### 在 Windows/macOS/Linux 上播放
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This runs MediaMTX in the background and writes logs to `/var/log/mediamtx.log`.
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### 5.4 Check the process and logs
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#### VLC 方式
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```bash
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```bash
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vlc "rtsp://<board-ip>:8554/cam"
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pgrep -af mediamtx
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tail -n 50 /var/log/mediamtx.log
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```
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```
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#### ffplay 方式
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If everything is working, you should see something similar to:
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```text
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path cam ... ready
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```
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That means the RTSP path is available.
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---
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## 6. Play and verify the RTSP stream
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The RTSP URL is usually:
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```text
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rtsp://<board-ip>:8554/cam
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```
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### 6.1 VLC
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Open:
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```text
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rtsp://<board-ip>:8554/cam
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```
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### 6.2 ffplay
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```bash
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```bash
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ffplay "rtsp://<board-ip>:8554/cam"
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ffplay "rtsp://<board-ip>:8554/cam"
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```
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```
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#### Python + OpenCV 方式
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### 6.3 OpenCV
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```python
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```python
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import cv2
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import cv2
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cap = cv2.VideoCapture("rtsp://<board-ip>:8554/cam")
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cap = cv2.VideoCapture("rtsp://<board-ip>:8554/cam")
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while True:
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while True:
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ret, frame = cap.read()
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ret, frame = cap.read()
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@ -196,65 +255,104 @@ while True:
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cv2.imshow("SC235HAI", frame)
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cv2.imshow("SC235HAI", frame)
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if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
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if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
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break
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break
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cap.release()
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cap.release()
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cv2.destroyAllWindows()
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cv2.destroyAllWindows()
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```
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```
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### 配置说明
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If the image displays correctly, the driver, sensor, MediaMTX, and network path are all working.
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编辑 `mediamtx.yml` 调整以下参数：
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---
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||||||
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||||||
| 参数 | 默认值 | 说明 |
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## 7. Common issues
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||||||
|------|--------|------|
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| rpiCameraWidth | 1920 | 分辨率宽 |
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||||||
| rpiCameraHeight | 1080 | 分辨率高 |
|
|
||||||
| rpiCameraFPS | 30 | 帧率 |
|
|
||||||
| rpiCameraCodec | hardwareH264 | 编码器（硬件H264） |
|
|
||||||
| rpiCameraIDRPeriod | 60 | I 帧间隔 |
|
|
||||||
| rtspAddress | :8554 | RTSP 监听端口 |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 架构
|
### 7.1 `modprobe sc235hai` cannot find the module
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
Check whether the module is installed for the current kernel:
|
||||||
SC235HAI 传感器
|
|
||||||
↓ MIPI CSI-2 (2-lane)
|
```bash
|
||||||
Unicam (CSI 接收器) → ISP (Raspberry Pi V3D ISP)
|
find /lib/modules/$(uname -r) -name 'sc235hai.ko*'
|
||||||
↓ YUV420
|
|
||||||
libcamera (0.6.0) → rpicam-apps
|
|
||||||
↓ H.264 编码（硬件）
|
|
||||||
MediaMTX → RTSP/HLS/WebRTC/SRT
|
|
||||||
↓
|
|
||||||
VLC / ffplay / 流媒体播放器
|
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### ISP 处理流程
|
If nothing is found, rebuild and reinstall:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
驱动通过 libcamera 实现的 ISP 处理：
|
```bash
|
||||||
1. **Raw Bayer** (1920x1080-SBGGR10) 从传感器捕获
|
cd /root/sc235hai_driver
|
||||||
2. **Demosaicing** - Bayer to RGB 转换
|
make
|
||||||
3. **Color Space** - RGB to YUV420 转换
|
cp sc235hai.ko /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/extra/
|
||||||
4. **ISP Pipeline** - 曝光、增益、白平衡、去噪等
|
depmod -a
|
||||||
5. **H.264 编码** - 硬件编码器压缩
|
```
|
||||||
6. **网络传输** - RTSP 协议发送
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 性能指标
|
### 7.2 `lsmod` does not show `sc235hai`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- **帧率**: 30 fps
|
Check whether `config.txt` contains:
|
||||||
- **分辨率**: 1920x1080
|
|
||||||
- **编码**: H.264 (硬件加速)
|
|
||||||
- **码率**: 自适应 (~2-4 Mbps)
|
|
||||||
- **延迟**: ~500ms
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## 更新日志
|
```ini
|
||||||
|
dtoverlay=sc235hai
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 2026-04-19
|
Then reboot again.
|
||||||
- 添加 V4L2 完整 control 接口（EXPOSURE/GAIN/VBLANK/HBLANK/PIXEL_RATE/LINK_FREQ）
|
|
||||||
- 支持 libcamera v0.6.0 ISP 处理
|
|
||||||
- 集成 MediaMTX RTSP 服务器
|
|
||||||
- 实现网络视频直播
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 2026-04-14
|
### 7.3 MediaMTX starts but there is no image
|
||||||
- 初始版本发布
|
|
||||||
- 支持 1920x1080@30fps RAW10 输出
|
Check these in order:
|
||||||
- 添加完整的传感器寄存器初始化
|
|
||||||
- 集成到 Raspberry Pi Zero 2W 平台
|
1. `dmesg | grep -i sc235`
|
||||||
|
2. `libcamera-hello --list-cameras`
|
||||||
|
3. `tail -n 50 /var/log/mediamtx.log`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If libcamera cannot see the camera, the problem is usually in the driver, overlay, or hardware connection, not in MediaMTX.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 7.4 RTSP playback errors
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Make sure:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- The board and the client are on the same network.
|
||||||
|
- Port `8554` is not blocked by a firewall.
|
||||||
|
- The MediaMTX log does not show a startup failure.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 8. One-shot command sequence
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If the source is already in `/root/sc235hai_driver`, you can run the whole sequence like this:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
apt update
|
||||||
|
apt install -y git build-essential raspberrypi-kernel-headers device-tree-compiler v4l-utils libcamera-apps ffmpeg curl ca-certificates
|
||||||
|
cd /root/sc235hai_driver
|
||||||
|
make
|
||||||
|
dtc -@ -I dts -O dtb -o sc235hai.dtbo sc235hai.dts
|
||||||
|
cp sc235hai.ko /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/extra/
|
||||||
|
cp sc235hai.dtbo /boot/firmware/overlays/
|
||||||
|
depmod -a
|
||||||
|
nano /boot/firmware/config.txt
|
||||||
|
reboot
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
After reboot:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
ssh root@<board-ip>
|
||||||
|
lsmod | grep -i sc235hai
|
||||||
|
setsid /root/mediamtx /root/mediamtx.yml >/var/log/mediamtx.log 2>&1 </dev/null &
|
||||||
|
tail -n 50 /var/log/mediamtx.log
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
On your client machine, open:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```text
|
||||||
|
rtsp://<board-ip>:8554/cam
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 9. Summary
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The key points are:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- `sc235hai` is installed as an out-of-tree kernel module, not compiled into the kernel itself.
|
||||||
|
- The device-tree overlay is loaded at boot using `dtoverlay=sc235hai`.
|
||||||
|
- MediaMTX can be started directly on the board for RTSP testing.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If you want, I can also turn this into a shorter field checklist or a troubleshooting-only version.
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
#!/bin/bash
|
|
||||||
# deploy-rtsp.sh - SC235HAI RTSP Streaming Server Deployment
|
|
||||||
# Usage: ./deploy-rtsp.sh [start|stop|restart]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
set -e
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
RTSP_DIR="/root"
|
|
||||||
MEDIAMTX_VERSION="v1.9.3"
|
|
||||||
MEDIAMTX_URL="https://github.com/bluenviron/mediamtx/releases/download/${MEDIAMTX_VERSION}/mediamtx_${MEDIAMTX_VERSION}_linux_arm64v8.tar.gz"
|
|
||||||
MEDIAMTX_BIN="${RTSP_DIR}/mediamtx"
|
|
||||||
MEDIAMTX_CONFIG="${RTSP_DIR}/mediamtx.yml"
|
|
||||||
RTSP_PORT=8554
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
download_mediamtx() {
|
|
||||||
if [ ! -f "$MEDIAMTX_BIN" ]; then
|
|
||||||
echo "[INFO] Downloading mediamtx ${MEDIAMTX_VERSION}..."
|
|
||||||
cd "$RTSP_DIR"
|
|
||||||
curl -L -o mediamtx.tar.gz "$MEDIAMTX_URL"
|
|
||||||
tar -xzf mediamtx.tar.gz mediamtx mediamtx.yml
|
|
||||||
rm -f mediamtx.tar.gz
|
|
||||||
chmod +x "$MEDIAMTX_BIN"
|
|
||||||
echo "[OK] mediamtx installed at $MEDIAMTX_BIN"
|
|
||||||
else
|
|
||||||
echo "[OK] mediamtx already installed"
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
start_rtsp() {
|
|
||||||
download_mediamtx
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Kill any existing instance
|
|
||||||
pkill -f "mediamtx" 2>/dev/null || true
|
|
||||||
sleep 1
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Copy config from script directory if present
|
|
||||||
SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
|
|
||||||
if [ -f "${SCRIPT_DIR}/mediamtx.yml" ]; then
|
|
||||||
cp "${SCRIPT_DIR}/mediamtx.yml" "$MEDIAMTX_CONFIG"
|
|
||||||
echo "[OK] Using mediamtx.yml from script directory"
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Start mediamtx
|
|
||||||
cd "$RTSP_DIR"
|
|
||||||
nohup "$MEDIAMTX_BIN" "$MEDIAMTX_CONFIG" > /var/log/mediamtx.log 2>&1 &
|
|
||||||
PID=$!
|
|
||||||
sleep 3
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Verify it's running
|
|
||||||
if kill -0 $PID 2>/dev/null; then
|
|
||||||
echo "[OK] MediaMTX started (PID: $PID)"
|
|
||||||
echo "[OK] RTSP stream available at: rtsp://$(hostname -I | awk '{print $1}'):${RTSP_PORT}/cam"
|
|
||||||
else
|
|
||||||
echo "[ERROR] Failed to start MediaMTX"
|
|
||||||
cat /var/log/mediamtx.log
|
|
||||||
return 1
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
stop_rtsp() {
|
|
||||||
pkill -f "mediamtx" 2>/dev/null || true
|
|
||||||
echo "[OK] MediaMTX stopped"
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
restart_rtsp() {
|
|
||||||
stop_rtsp
|
|
||||||
sleep 1
|
|
||||||
start_rtsp
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
case "${1:-start}" in
|
|
||||||
start)
|
|
||||||
start_rtsp
|
|
||||||
;;
|
|
||||||
stop)
|
|
||||||
stop_rtsp
|
|
||||||
;;
|
|
||||||
restart)
|
|
||||||
restart_rtsp
|
|
||||||
;;
|
|
||||||
*)
|
|
||||||
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
|
|
||||||
exit 1
|
|
||||||
;;
|
|
||||||
esac
|
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue